Automatic speed change gear



Dec. 9, 1969 YOICHI 'MORI 3,432,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed Nov, 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet l Fig. i

ll 5 a g I as Dec. 9. 1969 YOICHI om 3,482,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed Nov. 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 9, 1969 YOICHI MOR I 3,482,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed Nov. 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet 3 YOICHI MORI AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Dec. 9, 1969 13 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Nov. 14, 1967 Dec. 9, 1969 YOICHI MORI AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR 13 Sheets-Sheet Filed Nov. 14, 1967 Dec. 9, 1969 YOICHI MORI AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR l3 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Nov. 14, 1967 Dec. 9, 1969 YOlCHl MORI 3,482,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed Nov. 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet '7 Dec. 9, 1969 YOICHI MORl 3,482,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed NOV. 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet 8 Dec. 9, 1969 Yolcl-u MORI 3,432,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed Nov. 14, 1967 15 Sheets-Sheet i5 Dec.9, 1969 YOICHI MORI 3,482,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed Nov. 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet 10 Dec. 9. 1969 YOICHI MORI 3, 3 69 AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed Nov. 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet 1i.

9 969 YOICHI MORI 3,482,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed Nov. 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet 12 L-FUD] l 6/ 230 0 30 22 IZSX 305 Dec. 9, 1969 YOICHI MORI' 3,482,469

AUTOMATIC SPEED CHANGE GEAR Filed NOV. 14, 1967 13 Sheets-Sheet l5 United Statesv Patent C US. Cl. 74688 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An automatic speed change gear operating in 6 to 8 forward stages and one rearward stage of speed reduction ratio, which comprises a hydraulic torque converter and a first and a second planetary gear assemblies. The first planetary gear assembly transmits the power from said torque converter to the second planetary gear assembly in at least three forward stages and a rearward stage. The second planetary gear assembly delivers output power in at least three forward slow speed stages and a rearward stage when it is not coupled with the torque converter, while in at least three forward high speed stages when it is coupled with the torque converter.

This invention relates to an automatic speed change gear, more particularly to an automatic speed change gear capable of producing output power in more than 6 forward stages and one rearward stage of speed change ratio.

In operating machines driven by a prime mover, such as automobiles, at various output speeds, the efliciency of the machine can be kept at the maximum by using a speed change gear having a continuous speed change ratio so as to run the prime mover at the most efficient conditions regardless of the output speed of the machine. Such continuous speed change ratio, however, is not economical to manufacture, and the so-called close ratio multistage speed change gears, such as six or eight stage speed change gears, have been used heretofore. Known multistage speed change gears having more than six stages of speed change ratio are actuated manually or by a separate actuator from the outside. As the available stages of speed change ratio increase, the operation for selecting desired stages becomes complicated, and only very experienced and skillful operators can correctly select the proper operating stage for each running condition. Thus, known multistage speed change gears had a disadvantage in that the operation is complicated and considerable skill is necessary for efiicient operation thereof.

An object of the present invention is to obviate such difiiculty of conventional multistage speed change gears by providing automatic six and eight stage speed change gears, which are simple in construction and can be manufactured economically.

According to the present invention, there is provided an automatic speed change gear comprising a first planetary gear assembly connected selectively to an input shaft through a torque converter and a clutch means; a second planetary gear assembly connected directly to said first planetary gear assembly through a link means; a first brake means having at least a brake and a one-way brake, said first brake means adapted to selectively stop selected rotary elements constituting the first planetary gear assembly; a second brake means having at least a brake for stopping a selected rotary element of the second planetary gear assembly; a coupling means to selectively connect said second planetary gear assembly to said input shaft; and an output means connected to said second planetary gear assembly; said first planetary gear 3,482,469 Patented Dec. 9, 1969 assembly adapted to transmit power from said input shaft to said second planetary gear assembly in at least three stages by selectively actuating said first clutch means and said first brake means; said second planetary gear assembly adapted to deliver power to said output means in at least three low speed stages and a rearward stage when said coupling means is not actuated and in at least three high speed stages when said coupling means is actuated by selectively controlling said second brake means.

In a preferred embodiment of the automatic speed change gear according to the present invention, a Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly is used as said first planetary gear assembly and said Ravigneaux type p1ane tary gear assembly is selectively connected to said input shaft through two split routes including a first route having a hydraulic torque converter and a second route having a second clutch means, thereby said second planetary gear assembly produces four low speed change ratios and a rearward speed change ratio when said coupling means is not actuated and four high speed change ratios when said coupling means is actuated. What is meant by the Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly is, for instance, the assembly as illustrated in the US. Patent No. 2,239,973, granted to P01 Ravigneaux on Apr. 29, 1941, or the like.

The salient features of the speed change device according to the present invention are as follows.

(1) By combination of two planetary gear assemblies, speed change in eight forward stages and one rearward stage of speed change ratio can be achieved with a comparatively simple mechanical structure.

(2) By carrying out the switch-over between a high speed range and a low speed range with a brake and a clutch, the shifting operative stages can be easily controlled.

(3) Speed reduction ratios in the low speed range are d stributed sparsely, while speed reduction ratios in the high speed range are distributed densely, and hence, the speed change gear can be operated smoothly.

(4) The elements gear trains of the speed change gear of the present invention can be arranged in a number of diiferent ways, and hence, the speed change gear can be mounted on various type vehicles; such as vehicles having engines disposed longitudinally, or transversely; vehicles of front-engine front-drive type, rear-engine reardrive type, front-engine rear-drive type, and rear-engine front-drive type; and vehicles of all-wheel-drive type or two-wheel drive type. What is meant by engines disposed longitudinally are those engines which have the axial center line thereof disposed in parallel with the travelling direction of vehicles driven by the engines. What is meant by engines disposed transversely are those engines which have the axial center line thereof disposed transversely with respect to the travelling direction of vehicles driven by the engines.

For a better understanding of the invention, reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a skeleton diagram of a first embodiment of the automatic speed change gear according to the present invention, which uses two Ravigneaux type planetary gear assemblies and connects to an engine disposed transversely;

FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the speed change gear of FIG. 1, which connects to an engine disposed longitudinally;

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly usable in the speed change gears of FIGS. 1 and 2, shown in pitch circles of elementary gears of the assembly;

FIG. 4 is a skeleton diagram of another modification of the first embodiment, in which the output power issues from the carrier of a second planetary gear assembly;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrammatic illustrations of a Ravigneaux type planetary gear assemblies usable in the speed change gear of FIG. 4, shown in pitch circle of the elementary gears thereof;

FIG. 7 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the first embodiment of the invention, in which the ring gear of a second Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly is removed;

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of the second Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly of the device of FIG. 7, which does not have any ring gear;

FIG. 9 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the first embodiment, in which the second sun gear of a second Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly is removed, as shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 11 is a skeleton diagram of another modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, which includes a fluid coupling to connect one end of the crankshaft of an engine to a second Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly;

FIG. 12 is a skeleton diagram of another modification of the first embodiment, which uses a transmission shaft connected to the pump of a torque converter and penetrating through the torque converter so as to deliver the power on the crankshaft to planetary gear assemblies;

FIG. 13 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the speed change gear of FIG. 12, in which the arrangement of various elements of the speed change gear is reversed;

FIG. 14 is a skeleton diagram of another modification of the speed change gear of FIG. 12, in which transmission shaft extends through the axial center line of planetary gear assemblies;

FIG. 15 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the speed change gear of FIG. 14, in which a triple shaft is used instead of a quadruple shaft of the device of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the speed change gear of FIG. 12, which uses a transmission shaft connected to the turbine of a torque converter;

FIG. 17 is a skeleton diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention, which utilizes a Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly in conjunction with a known simple planetary gear assembly;

FIGS. 18 and 19 are diagrammatic illustrations of planetary gear assemblies usable in the second embodiment, respectively showing a Ravigneaux type and a simple planetary gear assembly;

FIG. 20 is a modification of the second embodiment, which uses a transmission shaft connected the pump of a torque converter and penetrating through the axial center line of a torque converter;

FIG. 21 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the speed change gear of FIG. 20, which uses a transmission shaft connected to a turbine of the torque converter;

FIG. 22 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the second embodiment, which uses a fluid coupling inserted between the pump and a transmission gear associated with a Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly;

FIGS. 23 to 25 are skeleton diagrams of different modifications of the second embodiment, each using a transmission shaft extending along the axial center line of planetary gear assemblies;

FIGS. 26 and 27 are skeleton diagrams of speed change gears producing six stages of speed reduction ratio, respectively showing modifications of the devices of FIG. 17 and FIG. 25;

FIG. 28 is a skeleton diagram of a third embodiment of the speed change gear according to the present invention, which can be used in alignment with the crankshaft of an engine and has input and output shaft disposed at opposite ends thereof;

FIG. 29 is a skeleton diagram of a modification of the third embodiment, which does not use a fluid coupling; and

FIG. 30 is a skeleton diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which does not use a Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly.

Like parts are shown by like numerals and symbols throughout the drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, illustrating a first embodiment of the speed change gear according to the present invention, the crankshaft 1 of an engine, or the output shaft of a prime mover, is connected to a torque converter V. The torque converter used in this embodiment comprises a pump 2 connected to the crankshaft 1, a turbine 3, a stator 4, and a one-way brake 5 supported by a hollow sleeve 6 extending from a case 20 of the speed change gear. A train of transmission gears 7, 8, and 9 transmits the engine output power to a first planetary gear assembly P In this particular embodiment of the invention, the engine output power is delivered to the speed change gear through two split routes; namely the aforesaid transmission gear train 7 to 9 issuing 'from the torque converter V and another gear train 38, 39, and 40 connected to the opposite end of the crankshaft 1.

The transmission gear 9 is joined to a clutch body 10 engageable with a clutch plate 11, which is in turn connected to a transmitting shaft 12 extending to a first planetary gear assembly P The first planetary gear assembly P of this embodiment is of Ravigneaux type and comprises a first sun gear. 13 having a drum 21 engageable with a brake 22, a second sun gear 14 connected to the transmitting shaft 12, first planet gears 15 engaged with the first sun gear 13, second planet gears 16 engaged with both the second sun gear 14 and the first planet gears 15, a ring gear 17 engaged with the first planet gears 15, and a carrier 18 to carry the first and second planet gears 15 and 16 in rotatable fashion. FIG. 3 shows the manner in which various elementary gears of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear assembly P are meshed with each other. A one-way brake 19 is connected to the carrier 18 so as to allow normal rotation of the carrier but not reverse rotation thereof. What is meant by the normal rotation is that rotation which is in the same direction as that of the crankshaft 1, the pump 2, the turbine 3, or the transmission gear 9; and what is meant by the reverse rotation is that rotation which is in the opposite direction to the normal rotation.

The brake 22 and other brakes to be described hereinafter can be of any suitable type, e.g., band brakes, disk brakes, and the like.

A hollow shaft 23 transmits the output power from the first planetary gear assembly P to a second planetary gear assembly P which is also of the Ravigneaux type in this particular embodiment. A solid shaft 24 is joined to the carrier 18 to transmit the engine output power to the first planetary gear assembly F from the opposite end 1' thereof through a clutch means to be described hereinafter.

The second planetary gear assembly P comprises a first sun gear 25 connected to the hollow shaft 23, a second sun gear 26 connected to a hollow shaft 35, first planet gears 27 meshed with the first sun gear 25, second planet gears 28 meshed with both the second sun gear 26 and the first planet gears 27, a ring gear 29 meshed with the first planet gears 27, and a carrier 32 to hold the first and second planet gears 27 and 28 in a rotatable manner. FIG. 3 also shows the relationship between various elementary gears of the second planetary gear assembly P The carrier 32 is connected to a drum 33 engageable with a brake 34, and the hollow shaft 35 has a drum member 36 engageable with another brake 37.

A clutch body 41 is joined with the transmission gears 40 of the gear train connected to the end 1 of the engine crankshaft 1. A clutch plate 42 connected to the hollow shaft 35 is engageable with the clutch body 41 to deliver the power from the crankshaft 1' to the second sun gear 26 of the second planetary gear assembly P Another clutch plate 43 connected to the transmission shaft 24 is engageable with the clutch body 41 to transmit the power to the carrier 18 of the first planetary gear assem- An output gear wheel 44 is meshed with an output pinion 31 connected to the ring gear 29 of the second planetary gear assembly P through a hollow shaft 30. A pair of bevel pinions 45 and 46 are mounted on the pins 49 and 49, respectively, which pins are secured to the gear wheel 44. The bevel pinions 45, 46 rotate around S Revolving speed of the second sun gear 26, C: Revolving speed of the carrier 32,

Pitch circle radius of the ring gear 29 I Z1 Pitch circle radius of the first sun gear 25 Then, there are following relationship between the revolving speeds of constituent gears of the speed change the pins 49, 49 to transmit the power to side gears 47 gear of FIGY- and 48 connected to axles 50 and 51, respectively. The 1+ 1 -l- 1 gears 45, 46, 47, and 48 constitute a differential gear (l 1)C=l RS (2) means. 1'+ 1' 1' The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a 2' 2' 2' vehicle having the engine crankshaft 1 disposed transverse '=R (5) to the travelling direction of the vehicle, and each axle NOW l i be assumed that the revolving Speed of 50 1 has a f g Wheel Shown) at the P the crankshaft 1, or transmission gears 9 and 40, be a thereof. The position of the output gear wheel 44 1s it speed U=1, Th since h output Speed i selected to be substantially at the middle of the crankresented by the revolving speed R of the ring gear 29 shaft 1 to facilitate effective power transmission to the of the second planet gear assembly P the speed reducside wheels for driving a vehicle. tion ratio M can be given by TABLE 1 Revolving speed First planetary gear assembly P1 Second planetary gear assembly P2 First Second First Second sun sun Ring sun sun Ring gear gear Carrier gear gear gear Carrier gear Operative stage 13 (st) 14 (S2) 18(0) 17 (R) (51 26 st 32 (o) 29 (3.)

R581 0 RESV 0 R 51 0 R531 0 R531 1 R 81 1 1 R581 1 H4 1 R581 1 Rearward 1 0 R581 TABLE 2 Speed reduction ratio 0119- Numeric example Operative Brake Clutch rigid Clutch Brake Clutch Brake 1 =2 0 1 =2 5 stage 22 10,11 19 41,43 37 41,42 34 Formula 1 '=2.0,1 '=3.0

l2(l1'+lr)/(l2'-1) 6.25 l-H2)( 1'+1a')/( +11)( z"- (1|'+ 2' (12 -1 2. (X) 11( 1'+ 2)/(11+1)( 2' 1)-- 1-6 (lr'+12') 2/i 2-1+12( 1'+1)l 1.312

(11+1) 2'1)+( 1+12) 1'+ 1.00 1'+ a') r 0.832 1+ :4'- )+l1( 1'+1) Rcarward l2l .-5 no Prior to entering into the detailed description of the M=1/R' (6) operation of the speed change gear in each stage of speed reduction ratio, the following symbols are assumed to designate the revolving speed of various elements of the speed change gear:

In the first planetary gear assembly: R: Revolving speed of the ring gear 17, S Revolving speed of the first sun gear 13, S Revolving speed of the second sun gear 14, C: Revolving speed of the carrier 18,

Pitch circle radius of the ring gear 17 Pitch circle radius of the first sun gear 13 Pitch circle radius of the ring gear 17 R: Revolving speed of the ring gear 29, S Revolving speed of the first sun gear 25,

The operative conditions of various clutches and brakes in each operative stage are shown in Table 2. If the revolving speed of those elements which rotate at the same speed as that of the crankshaft 1 is represented by 1, and that of those elements which are held stationary by the brakes is represented by 0, then the specific revolving speeds of the various rotary elements of the speed change device in each operative stage can be summarized as shown in Table 1.

As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the speed change device can be operated in eight forward stages, including four stages L-l, L-2, L-3, L-4 in low speed range, and four stages H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 in high speed range, as well as in a rearward stage. The switch-over between the high speed and low speed range is made by manually or automatically controlling the brake 37 and the clutch 41, 42. The shift of stages in each high speed or low speed FIRST STAGE (L-l) 0, 82 and S2'=0 From Formula 2, one obtains R=1/l By eliminating C from the Formulae 3 and 4 and substituting the Formula 5, the output speed is given as follows.

In this stage,

5 :0, 5 1, and s,"=o

By eliminating C from the Formulae 1 and 2, R is given by By substituting the above relation to the Formula 7, one obtains the following relations.

THIRD STAGE (L-3) In this stage,

S2: 1, G: 1, and S2'=0 Accordingly,

(R==.(l 1+1)/l =1 By substituting to the Formula 7, one obtains the following relations.

l2 1 l1'+z.'

I I M= =5 2=2.5

FOURTH STAGE (L-4) In this stage,

8 :0, C=1, and S =O Accordingly,

1+ 1 By substituting the above formula to the Formula 7, one obtains the following relations.

FIFTH STAGE (H-l) In this stage,

S =1, 0:0, and S '=1 Accordingly,

= 8 -By substituting the above relation to the Formula 7, one obtains the following relations.

( 1'+ z flz 1'+ 2') 2 X l 1+Z (l +1) 2-l2.5 3

SIXTH STAGE (H-2) 81:0, 182:1, and S3: 1

By substituting the above relation to the Formula 7, one obtains the following relations.

SEVENTH STAGE (II-3) In this stage,

In this stage,

Accordingly,

S 1, C: 1, and S 1 Accordingly,

R=l ll 1 By substituting R=1 to the Formula 7, one obtains the following relations.

, EIGHTH STAGE (H-4) In this stage,

S =0, (1:1, and S '=1 Accordingly,

In this stage,

8:: 1, C=0, and C'=0 R=1/l =S Substituting the above relation to the Formula 3, one obtains the following relations.

In short, with the speed change device according to the present invention, the output pinion 31 can be run at eight different forward stages and a rearward stage of speed reduction ratio for a certain revolving speed of the engine crankshaft 1 by selectively actuating various clutches and brakes by suitable hydraulic control means (not shown) or the like. Thus, the axles 50 and 51 are also driven at the same stage of speed reduction ratio as the output pinion 31, and the engine output power is transmitted to the wheels through the speed change gear so as to drive the wheels at eight different forward stages of speed reduction ratio and one rearward stage thereof.

FIG. 2 shows a modification of the device of FIG. 1, which can be applied advantageously to a vehicle having an engine disposed longitudinally. Since the construction of the gear trains in the device of FIG. 2 is essentially the same as that of FIG. 1, only those parts which are differ- Accordingly,

9 ent from first embodiment of FIG. 1 will be described. An output pinion 31' of this modification meshes with an output transmission gear wheel 60 having transmission shafts 61 and 66 connected thereto for delivering power to front and rear wheels. If the vehicle is of all-wheel drive type, both shafts are used, but if it is of two-wheel drive type, only one of the transmission shafts is used. A pinion 62 connected to the transmission shaft 61 and a 'bevel gear wheel 63 constitute a reduction bevel gear assembly. The bevel gear wheel 63 drives axles64 and 65 through a differential gear means (not shown) located at the central portion of the gear wheel 63. Each axle 64 or 65 has a driving wheel (not shown) secured at the outer end thereof to drive the vehicle. The other transmission shaft 66 works in the same manner as the transmission shaft 61, when it is used.

FIG. 4 shows another modification of the speed change device of FIG. 1, in which relative dimensions of elementary gears in each planetary gear assembly are different from those of FIG. 1 and the output power of the device issues from the carrier of a second planetary gear assembly. As shown in FIG. 5, a first planetary gear assembly P of this modification comprises a sun gear 70 having a drum 21 engageable with a brake 22, a second sun gear 71 connected to a clutch plate 11, planet gears 72 meshed with said first sun gear 70, second planet gears 73 meshed with both said second sun gear 71 and said first planet gears 72, a ring gear 74 meshed with said first planet gears 72, and a carrier 75 carrying said first and second planet gears 72 and 73 in rotatable fashion. One end of the carrier 75 is connected to a one-way brake 19 supported by a case 20 of the device, while the opposite end of the carrier is connected to a transmission shaft 24 leading to a clutch plate 43.

meshed with both the second sun gear 77 and the first planet gears 78, a ring gear 80* meshed with said first planet gears 78 and engageable with a brake 8 2, and a. carrier 81 carrying said first and second planet gears 78 and 79 in rotatable fashion and having an output pinion 31 connected thereto through a hollow shaft 30. The hollow shaft has a drum 36 engageable with a brake 37 adapted to stop the first sun gear 76.

Let it be assumed that the revolving speed of each rotary element of the planetary gear assemblies P and P and the relative pitch circle radii thereof of this modification can be represented by the corresponding notations described hereinbefore referring to the first embodiment as depicted in FIG. 1. Then, there are the following relations between such revolving speeds and relative radii.

The operative conditions of various clutches and brakes of this modification in each operative stage thereof are shown in Table 4.

If the revolving speed of those elements which rotate at the same speed as that of the crankshaft 1 is represented by l, and that of those elements which are held stationary by the brakes is represented by 0, then the specific revolving speeds of the various rotary elements of the speed change device of FIG. 4 in each operative stage can be summarized as shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Revolving speed First planetary gear assembly P1 Second planetary gear assembly Pg First Second Second First sun sun Ring sun sun Ring gear gear Carrier gear gear gear 76 gear Carrier Operative stage (S 71 (8;) (0) 74 (R) 77 (82') (S1) 80 (R) 81(0) RES], R 81 R581 R 81 R 81 RES! 1 R 81 1 R 8 Rearward 1 0 R 51 TABLE 4 Speed reduction ratio One- Numeric example way Brake Clutch brake Clutch Brake Clutch Brake 1 :26, 1 :2.2 Operative stage 22 10,11 19 41,43 37 41,42 82 Formula 1 '=2.2,l =2.6

z s l1( 1' 2)e( 1+ 1' (11'+12) 2a(1i +1111 1'+ 2') Uri- 2) 1. 13

11(11+ 2( i+h) 1 1. 00 n 4 e) 0 s5 1'( 1+1) +1i z' Roarward -lz(l2'l) -3. 52

l Actuated. Engaged.

As shown in FIG. 6, the second planetary gear assembly P of this modification comprises a first sun gear 76 connected to a clutch plate 42, through a hollow shaft 35, a second sun gear 77 connected to the ring gear 74 of the first planetary gear assembly P first planet gears 78 meshed with the first sun gear 76, second planet gears 79 As a numerical example, speed reduction ratios in each operative stage of the speed change device are calculated by assuming l =2.6, 1 :22, l '=2.2, and l =2.6, and the results are shown in Table 4.

Formulae to represent speed reduction ratios in each operative stage will now derived.

11 FIRST STAGE (L-l) FIFTH STAGE (H-l) In this stage,

S =1, C=O, and S '=1 SIXTH STAGE (H-Z) In this stage,

S =O, S =1, and S '=1 SEVENTH STAGE (H-3) In this stage,

In this stage,

S =0, :1, and S '=1 -12 REARWARD STAGE In this stage,

S =1, C==0, and R'=0 The feature of this modification is in the fact that the speed reduction ratio is concentrated in a comparatively narrow range.

FIG. 7 shows another modification of the first embodiment, in which the construction of the first planetary gear assembly is identical with that of the device of FIG. 4, but the arrangement of the brake and clutches related to it is different. The second planetary gear assembly of this modification is unique by not having any ring gear. As shown in FIG. 8, the second planetary gear assembly comprises first and second sun gears 96, 97, first and second planet gears 98, 99, and a carrier 100 carrying the planet gears in a rotatable manner. The first planetary gear assembly produces four stages of speed reduction ratio and a rearward speed reduction ratio, while the second planetary gear assembly converts the four stages of forward speed reduction ratio into eight stages and modify the rearward speed reduction ratio. In output pinion 31 is connected to the carrier 100 of the second planetary gear assembly through a hollow shaft 30. The difference of this modification from the device of FIG. 4 will now be described.

In FIG. 7, a clutch plate 90 connects selectively a second sun gear 71 of the first planetary gear assembly P to an input shaft through a clutch body 10. Another clutch plate 91 connects selectively a first sun gear of the same planetary gear assembly to the input shaft through a hollow shaft 94 and the clutch body 10. A drum 92 is secured to the hollow shaft 94, and a brake 93 is engageable with the drum 92 to selectively stop the first sun gear 70. Another drum 101 is connected to both a carrier and a one-way brake 19, and the drum is also engageable with a brake 95.

Let it be assumed that each rotary element of the first planetary gear assembly P is represented by the same symbols as those for the corresponding rotary element of the device of FIG. 4. In the second planetary gear assembly, the following symbols are assumed.

S Revolving speed of the first sun gear 96. S Revolving speed of the second sun gear 97, C: Revolving speed of the carrier 100,

' Pitch circle radius of the second sun gear 97 Pitch circle radius of the first sun gear 96 Then, there are the following relations among the revolving speeds of the rotary elements of the device 3,482,469 13 14 device in each operative stage can be summarized as shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Revolving speed First planetary gear Second planetary gear assembly P1 assembly P:

Qperative stage:

L-l 1 0 R=S L2- 0 1 R= S1 L-3 1 l R=S1 L-4 0 1 R= S1 H-L. 1 0 R= S1 H2 0 1 R=S H3- 1 1 R=S H-4 0 1 R: S Rearward 1 0 R= S TABLE 6 I Speed reduction ratio One- Numeric example Brake Brake Clutch brake Clutch Brake Clutch Clutch l1=2.6, 1g=2.2

95 93 10, 19 41, 43 37 41, 42 10, 91 Formula l=l.l8

li(l+ H-4 (Z) 0 85 (Z -I-l)lli Rearward l1(l+l) 5.66

Actuated. 2 Engaged.

As a numerical example, speed reduction ratios in each In this stage, operative stage of the speed change device of FIG. 7 are S =0 C=1 and S calculated by assuming l =2.6, l =2.2, and l=1.18, and 1 2 the results are shown in Table 6. 1+ X 1 Formulae to represent the speed reduction ratios in each 1; 1+ 1 operative stage will now be derived.

1 1+1 2.6X2.18 FIRST STAGE (L-l) 45 M 1.56 In this stage, FIFTH STAGE (H-l) S 1, C and 2'= In this stage,

1 s -=1, c=0, and s,' =1

lz( 1+ 1 1 M-l (l+1)-22 218480 ilma 2 1+1 z2(z+1 SECOND STAGE (L-2) in this stage, 81:0, 92:1, and S2,:0 1+2 m SIXTH STAGE (H-Z) I 11+ 1 L In this stage,

H1 s,=0' s,=1, and s,'=1 (l1+Z2)(l+1) 4.s 2.1s M=W=T 2.91 n %a 1+1+l(l1+l2) THIRD STAGE (L-3) 1+ 2) +1 In this stage, M: (Z1+l2)(Z+1) 4.8 2.18

5 :1, =1 and '=0 ll+1+l(l1+l2) +1.18

1 SEVENTH STAGE (H-3) In this stage,

FOURTH STAGE (L4) M=1 

